Aristotle’s concept of eudaimonia–often translated as “flourishing” or “well-being”–is central to his ethical philosophy. He argued that eudaimonia is the highest good and the ultimate goal of human life. This idea has profoundly influenced Western thought, shaping ethical theories and discussions on human happiness from ancient times to the present day.
Aristotle’s Argument for Eudaimonia
Aristotle believed that every action we take is aimed at some good, but there must be a highest good that we pursue for its own sake. This highest good, he argued, is eudaimonia. Unlike other goods, such as wealth or honor, eudaimonia is self-sufficient and complete. It is the ultimate end that gives meaning and purpose to all other pursuits.
For Aristotle, eudaimonia is achieved through a life of virtuous activity in accordance with reason. He defined virtue as the mean between extremes–such as courage being the mean between recklessness and cowardice. By cultivating virtues and living a balanced, rational life, one can attain eudaimonia.
Influence of Aristotle’s Concept of Eudaimonia
Aristotle’s concept of eudaimonia has influenced countless thinkers throughout history. In the ancient world, his ideas were further developed by philosophers such as the Stoics, who emphasized living in accordance with nature as a path to eudaimonia. In the Middle Ages, Thomas Aquinas integrated Aristotle’s ideas with Christian theology, arguing that eudaimonia was attainable through both reason and divine grace.
In modern times, Aristotle’s notion of eudaimonia continues to resonate in discussions of ethics and human well-being. Positive psychology, for example, draws on Aristotle’s ideas by emphasizing the importance of fulfilling one’s potential and leading a meaningful life.
Reflecting on Eudaimonia
When studying Aristotle or positive psychology or happiness in general, self reflection is the most important part of the exercise. It opens up a path to knowing yourself better.
Thinking about eudaimonia, something an ancient Greek man wrote about so many moons ago, brings to mind the universal human condition–a state of net positive emotion.
It applies to literally everyone.
If you are interested in exploring this thought process, get a notebook and start thinking!
Self Reflection Journal Prompts:
- What does eudaimonia mean to me?
- Does what Aristotle describes about how to obtain eudaimonia resonate? Why or Why Not?
- What topics should I explore to learn more about eudaimonia and how to achieve it in my life?
- Within Aristotle’s concept of eudaimonia lies discussion of virtue. What are my personal virtues?
- How can I cultivate my personal virtues in my daily life? Do I believe this can bring me happiness?