Introduction:
As a student of philosophy, the dichotomy between existentialism and essentialism is a fascinating space to explore. These two perspectives present opposing views on the nature of existence and identity; challenging conventional thought and sparking a desire for deeper levels of understanding.
The Difference Between Existentialism and Essentialism:
Essentialism, a philosophy anchored in the belief of inherent, unchanging qualities, asserts that certain traits or characteristics define the nature of both individuals and objects. These inherent qualities, often referred to as “essences,” are considered fundamental and fixed.
Essentialism seeks to unveil and define these intrinsic traits that shape the core of existence.
In stark contrast, existentialism challenges the very notion of predetermined essence. It argues that existence precedes essence. That individuals do not possess inherent, unchanging qualities. Instead, they exist first and must actively define their essence through choices and actions.
Existentialism places a profound emphasis on individual freedom and personal responsibility in shaping identity and finding meaning in life.
Freedom and Responsibility:
Essentialism tends to downplay the significance of personal freedom and responsibility, suggesting that one’s essence is predetermined and inflexible. Individuals are seen as conforming to these essential attributes, with a limited scope for autonomous decision-making.
Existentialism champions individual freedom and responsibility. Thinkers like Jean-Paul Sartre argue that individuals must navigate through choices, intentionally make choices, and then take responsibility for those choices. Even in the face of uncertainty, this philosophy celebrates the power of personal choice.
Subjective vs. Objective Meaning:
Essentialism often seeks objective, universal meanings and truths. It supposes that inherent values apply universally to all individuals or objects of a certain type; thereby providing a structured understanding of the world.
Existentialism leans strongly toward subjective meaning, asserting that the quest for meaning is a deeply personal and individual journey. Meaning is not imposed externally, but discovered through personal choices and experiences. There cannot be a structured understanding of the world, only of one’s own life.
Attitude Toward Uncertainty:
Essentialism offers a sense of stability and predictability. It assumes that the nature of things is fixed and can be understood through careful analysis and categorization. This way of rationalizing provide a comforting anchor in a seemingly chaotic world.
Existentialism, in contrast, embraces uncertainty. It acknowledges the inherent absurdity of existence and contends that life is inherently uncertain. Individuals must confront and overcome this uncertainty as they actively shape their own meaning of life.
Why Study Existentialism or Essentialism?:
The exploration of these philosophies allows an understanding of our nature and the human condition.
While essentialism fixates on inherent, unchanging qualities and attempts to prove a structured worldview; existentialism challenges that perceived structure and focuses on individual choice and responsibility.
A student of philosophy is able to find valuable perspective from these opposing thoughts. The navigation through these philosophies explores the nature of our existence and human experience.
Ready for More?:
Start with reading a basic introduction into these philosophical movements by clicking below. You might find yourself drawn to further study.
Existentialism vs. Essentialism
And for more of my thoughts on existentialism, start here! WTH is Existentialism? Navigating the Circus of Life